Kata Kunci

Abstrak

In recent years, underweight has continued to be a significant public health issue in Indonesia. Despite a substantial decrease in prevalence, this persistent issue potentially affects children's physical growth and cognitive development. This study aimed to investigate the association between parental smoking behavior and underweight in children by analyzing secondary data from the 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS). The study analyzed data from 39,451 children aged 5-12 years. Anthropometric measurements of body weight were used to identify underweight cases. A structured questionnaire was employed to gather information on various factors, including child sex (male or female), age (5-8 or 9-12 years), type of residence (urban or rural), parental age (under or older than 35), education (higher education graduate or under), working status (working or not working), and smoking behavior of both parents in the past month. For those who smoked, the average number of cigarettes smoked daily and the experience of indoor smoking were also recorded. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25. The study found that 8.4% of children were underweight. Among the parents, 89.8% were smokers, with 74.8% of them being fathers, who smoked an average of 14 cigarettes per day. Notably, 98.8% of these smokers did so indoors. The study revealed no significant association between parental smoking behavior and underweight, nor with type of residence, parental age, or working status. However, underweight was more common among children aged 5-8 years (OR 1.08, p = 0.04, 95% CI). Boys were found to be less likely to be underweight (OR 0.75, p < 0.01, 95% CI). While no significant association was found between parental smoking behavior and child underweight in this study, it remains important to consider that smoking, particularly indoors, may negatively impact children's physical growth and cognitive development.